They’re used at night or during periods of low visibility to guide pilots during approach and landing.
Runway edge lights are light fixtures used to outline the edge of runways. The method of provision is specified in ICAO Annex14 and the lighting must extend from the landing threshold for either 900 meters or to the midpoint of the runway, whichever is the least Touchdown Zone (TDZ) (L-850B) Lighting must be provided on runways available for use in low visibility conditions so as to provide enhanced identification of the touchdown area. Towards the end of the runway the coding of the lights change to alternate red and then all red, thus indicating to pilots, the length of runway remaining. Runway Centerline Lighting System (L-850A) – On precision runways, a runway centerline light system is installed, with white lights spaced at pre-determined intervals on the centerline of the runway. There are several categories of runway edge lighting, high-intensity (HIRL), medium-intensity (MIRL) or low-intensity (LIRL) all of which are designed to meet different criterial of international standards. On instrument runways, the white lights will change to yellow when approaching the end of the runway length, and then they turn red as the aircraft reaches the end of the runway. Runway edge lights are generally steady white lights that show the edge or the usable part of a runway. Also the position at which the lighting fixtures are installed will regulate whether inset type, or elevated products are used.
There are many different designs with regards to runway lighting, and the applications that are required is dependent on the category of the airfield, whether it be CATI, CATII, CATIII.
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